At age 23 my stuttering was measured at 30% of my speech in reading and dialogue. Yet, in a room alone I could read out loud with zero stuttering and make pretend phone calls saying my name. When I made the real call I had silent blocks and got hung up on. If even one listener was in the room, my reading was brutal. This is the quandary when explaining brain studies that suggest brain differences between pws and non pws. How can the pws be fluent when alone? Not in a character voice and no games...just fluent when alone. How is this possible? A researcher may read this and proclaim blasphemy! This is cognitive. We **project** on listeners (imagine we will be judged) then we trigger anxiety and then we stutter. Or we **personalize:** "If I stutter, I am failing...messing up" The "2 Ps" trigger the stutter.