# You said 'secondary reactions'. Do you mean secondary symptoms of stuttering? Like for example word-substitution (substiting feared words)? Yea, so then you were right. Because inhibitory control can be in the form of secondary symptoms, as you said, as well as avoidance responses, and techniques, and coping mechanisms. Let me explain it. **Reactive inhibitory control:** Reactive inhibitory control refers to the automatic and fast response to stop or delay a planned action triggered by external cues. PWS perceive anticipation, fear (or any other error in the speech plan), and they respond to this, like for example, respond with secondaries, avoidance responses, or other coping responses. For example: 1. **Tension** 2. **Delayed speech initiation**: Pausing or hesitating before speaking, resulting from the activation of the reactive inhibitory control system in response to a cue or trigger 3. **Stalling**: Sudden stops or delays in speech as an immediate response to the perception of a stuttering event, reflecting the instinctive attempt to avoid stuttering 4. **Freezing**: An abrupt halt in speech, often triggered by a sudden, overwhelming anticipation of stuttering **Proactive inhibitory control:** Proactive inhibitory control involves the ability to prevent or delay undesired actions, such as stuttered speech, through more deliberate and sustained efforts - and often in response to anticipated stuttering and involves strategies to manage and avoid stuttering. Examples of such secondary symptoms or avoidance-behaviors or techniques, are: 1. **Word Substitution**: Deliberately choosing an alternative word to avoid a word that is anticipated to trigger stuttering 2. **Circumlocution**: Speaking around a word or phrase to avoid a problematic word, reflecting a proactive strategy to manage stuttering 3. **Use of speaking strategies**: like slowing down speech, pausing strategically, or using other fluency-enhancing methods to prevent stuttering