The curious PWS (person who stutters) in me read this research: **"Brain response to errors in children who stutter"** (2024). After finishing the 40 pages, I summed up the key points. The PDF ebook (Google Drive) that I created: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CZKsnOkB4iRsW4268ZbMmw6NLnPpvglB/view?usp=sharing](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CZKsnOkB4iRsW4268ZbMmw6NLnPpvglB/view?usp=sharing) Research link: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094730X23000785](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094730X23000785) Explaining terminologies used: * CWS = children who stutter * AWS = adults who stutter * CWNS = children who don't stutter * Speech error (in research terminology) refers to unintended deviations from a speech plan violating semantic, syntactic, or phonetic criteria (Dell). Errors in the internal representation of how the planned utterance should be articulated before they are produced (Levelt). Speech errors (such as, anticipation) are internally monitored, in contrast, stuttering (such as, repetitions, prolongations, speech blocks, interjections, and meaningless sounds) are externally monitored, and belong in the category disfluencies (not speech errors) (Postma) * Causes of speech errors: heavy cognitive (planning) load, increased fluency demands (e.g., utterence length/complexity, increased accuracy or appropriateness) (Yaruss), communication apprehension, social anxiety, time pressure, tendency to catastrophize or respond to speech errors, excessive speech error monitoring