>"You mean not notice and so bypass the anticipatory effect resulting in spontaneous fluency, correct" No, I actually meant something completely different. I realize that I didn't make it clear enough when I was writing **bullet point #8: "What causes PWS to sometimes not notice their triggers?**" What do I mean? Answer: What I meant to say was, most PWS might be mostly unaware of their subconscious triggers (that trigger primary stuttering, or that trigger the mechanism that decides whether to say our thoughts out loud). I think that triggers might initially be created through environmental/psychological stimuli. They have been conditioned, slowly and gradually without us realizing it, at least most of the time (operant / classical conditioning). The point is, I hypothesize that most triggers are likely very subconscious, especially for PWS that don't have much experience with mindfulness or mindful self-observation. Importantly, triggers can be non-emotional and very unnoticeable (especially if we are in denial of them or if we prioritize focusing on other things prior to or during a speech block). Lastly, I believe that most PWS might rely on distorted beliefs about their triggers, and thus they might deny most of their triggers in its entirety, which could then lead to seeking to externalize responsibility where they stop addressing their triggers themselves. Actually, I want to ask you to read what I wrote in this [PDF document ](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YlSmIMrDQvweb7fc-xsIH3Z2IYvkaBWf/view?usp=sharing)(from page 286 until 295) based on 50+ research studies about trigger formation in stuttering, and then share your thoughts