If you review my posts here, you'll see that I encourage people to not give up on speech therapy. That if their current therapy isn't effective, to seek out a different therapy or approach. I agree that stuttering is "in the brain." Data is coming to light that there is a genetic component to stuttering. But speech is learned. Fluency is a skill we develop. 1,000 foot view, everyone has disfluency to some degree. Stutters are at the low end of the bell curve with regards to our fluency. With training and practice, we can move up the spectrum towards fluency. It's become obvious to me that for some of us, treating anxiety can improve our fluency. And vice-versa. *We may always be stutterers, but that doesn't mean we will always stutter.*