According to [this ](https://ahn.mnsu.edu/services-and-centers/center-for-communication-sciences-and-disorders/services/stuttering/professional-education/convention-materials/archive-of-online-conferences/isad2007/why-do-so-many-stutterers-fail-to-stutter-when-alone-and-how-can-this-phenomenon-be-used-in-treatment/)research: * 65% of people who stutter (PWS), don't stutter when alone * 25% stutter significantly less * 10% continue stuttering Conclusion: So, in my opinion, most people don't stutter when speaking alone, if we look at that research. But, if those people (who don't stutter when alone) add "a person" then they start stuttering. If this is true, then in this specific context, "**a person('s judgement)**" is their trigger. All **PWS** don't stutter when silent mouthing (without voice). But, if we add "our own voice" (aka auditory feedback), then we start stuttering. If this is true, then in this specific context, "**our own voice**" is our trigger. So, if we keep analyzing "stuttering in general" in this way, then eventually we would create a list of 100s of such environmental or epigenetic factors \[triggers\]. In my lifetime, there were periods where I stuttered severely when alone, and other periods where I don't stutter when alone. If this is true, then I draw the conclusion that: * If I still stuttered when alone, then my trigger might be "**my own judgement**" (or not, but at least "**my own voice**" was definitely a trigger because PWS don't stutter when silent mouthing (without voice)) * If I don't stutter when alone, then I didn't let such environmental (or epigenetic) triggers affect my speech performance. Such as, in periods where I didn't stutter when alone (1) I didn't blame such triggers, (2) or, I lowered my expectations or demands, such as: "I need to reduce the trigger first, in order to initiate speech" (maladaptive expectation) - resulting in not making myself intolerant for such triggers specifically to execute speech movements. Can you resonate with this?