Additionally, even non-stutterers often word-substitute, tense, prolong, do repetitions etc etc. So, I absotely don't view them as a problem or any kind of obstacle or to be avoided. They are perfectly healthy responses I think. I think the problem is more 'needing to reduce factors' such as those responses, and until we 'perceive' we have not yet reduce them, we perceive speech errors in the speech plan and the defensive mechanism activates that prevents execution of speech plans (prevents saying thoughts out loud) I think we should also distinguish healthy responses vs unhealthy responses that are reactions to perceived errors. Tension and word-substition can be healthy and unhealthy responses. I think, if one's goal is stuttering remission, then we can aim for subconscious fluency (I 'm not saying speaking on auto-pilot because on auto-pilot we stutter, I hope we can at least agree this far).. but we cán focus on speaking while unlearning control/managing and without 'timing' our speech execution in any way or form. When we stutter, it's not because we lack timing or control, it's something else, acknowledge that first, find what that something else is, which is likely something like 'the need to reduce some error' or 'blaming errors' to increase the defensive mechanism that prevents the release of speech plans. That's just my own take on it