[Research](https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/ab2tv) (58 pages) [PDF](https://osf.io/ab2tv/download) "*Applications of mindfulness and/or compassion interventions for people who stutter: A systematic review"* (2024) **Clinical interventions:** * Adults who stutter face significant psychosocial challenges such as social anxiety, communication difficulties, and embarrassment. These issues are compounded by societal stigma and experiences of bullying. Mindfulness can reduce our psychosocial burden * Use focused attention on the present moment in a non-judgmental way, such as attentional self-regulation and orientation to experience, characterized by curiosity, openness, and acceptance * Compassion includes recognizing suffering, understanding its universality, feeling for those suffering, enduring unpleasant sensations, and being motivated to alleviate suffering * Self-compassion focuses on self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Mindfulness can help stutterers manage bodily sensations, control attention, and regulate emotions **Question**: How exactly should we use mindfulness strategies to weaken the link between inner conflict (that ultimately triggers the approach-avoidance conflict) and the freeze response?