It's the same with [this](https://www.google.nl/books/edition/The_Perfect_Stutter/_u8vEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=the+perfect+stutter&printsec=frontcover) researcher (PhD), who was able to lose stuttering for many years (he used [mindfulness](http://www.stammeringresearch.org/mindfulness.pdf) to lose stuttering). But, when he moved to another country and learned a new language, he started "immersing" himself in thoughts associated with stuttering, and only then his stuttering returned years later. His unhelpful thoughts were, for example: * "Oh no, what if stuttering returns?" * "I feel ashamed that I have trouble learning a new language.. and if stuttering returns it would be even worse" * "What if this, and what if that (associated with stuttering)". In hindsight, why did his stuttering return do you gather? What if these associated thoughts has lead him to [conditioning](https://www.reddit.com/r/Stutter/comments/196mdrr/the_role_of_classicaloperant_conditioning_in/) \- resulting in his stuttering returning exactly when he learned a new language? In other words, neurologically speaking, see this YT [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InaFxDOJeMk&ab_channel=DrMatt%26DrMike) (at 4:00 minutes), it would seem that the researcher (whom stuttering returned) associated unhelpful thoughts to the "rules/conditions" that decide when to initiate motor plans/program, which dr. Matt (in the video) labels as "programming in Broca's area in the brain". See it like this, babies at age 0, 1 or 2 engage in free expression/free speech, like saying "da da da". They don't stutter, as [Guenter](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6997432/) (PhD) states, because they initiate speech directly from the pre-motor cortex (without relying on evaluation from the basal ganglia basicallyJ). But, in later development (say 3, 4 and 5 years old) children can produce stuttering because they are "filtering/limiting" initiation of speech motor programs (such as, the syllable "da").. so, to go back to the video, this would occur in the programming or coding of the Broca's area that decides when to initiate speech. This is just my own take on it