In my opinion, for me these research results is an indication that, if I would perceive myself as a PWS whereby I develop a mindset geared towards allowing and justifying stuttering for whatever reason, then I consider this a speaker-related factor that predisposes to stuttering making me error-prone and overly sensitive to basal ganglia inhibition (or BIS inhibition), because believing that I will stutter and therefore justifying neurological pathways to the erroneous encoding, may impair my ability to plan or execute suitably well-formed utterances. Additionally, because having a self-image of myself stuttering, may make me slowly more sensitive (or hyperaware) to cues that alert me to the possibility that my speech performance is likely to be inadequate. In this viewpoint, learning to allow one's stuttering could reinforce the notion that stuttering is always looming around the corner, which not only subconsciously reinforces stuttering anticipation but moreover it reinforces the sensation of loss of control, which according to various [researchers](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22loss+of+control%22+%22stuttering%22+%22research%22), is widely recognized as a key factor contributing to the development of inhibition, avoidance, or struggle behaviors. Often PWS perceive acceptance as "*I accept that I'm never going to recover from stuttering, so I'm okay with stuttering*". I argue that this reinforces persistance of the impaired speech motor programming to subconsciously evaluate whether to continue the flow of speech which significantly limits speech performance (aka proprioception, tactile feedback, efference copy, pre-articulatory error monitoring, conflict monitoring, monitoring of the listener and his responses). In this viewpoint, allowing one's stuttering could reinforce the impaired speech programming. This is my attempt to provide an alternative term for this, so that you guys can understand more clearly what I'm trying to say: * erroneous, inappropriate or incomplete encoding (which may cause cerebellar dysfunction, and other structural and functional abnormalities commonly found in PWS) * speech planning deficit * speech programming impairment * unhelpful timing method (or cognitive condition) * stutter program, mechanism, release or repair threshold (or neurological habit) for regulating speech quality * So, secondary characteristics (like articulatory tension) may not be the problem, rather this 'encoding of the speech plan' may be the main problem. Argument: Because this encoding (aka speech programming) centrally decides whether to initiate articulation. In other words, this release threshold mechanism decides when it releases for overt execution Researchers conclude: "*It is possible that, once established, a tendency to set the release threshold too high may sometimes continue, even after any underlying impairment has.*" In my opinion: This may indicate that, even if we deal with a trigger (such as anticipation, needing more accuracy, or stress), stuttering-like disfluencies may still continue simply because we keep applying or relying on the impaired speech programming (e.g., evaluating whether to wait out execution of articulation or not).