I have a question about: "*if correlation does not imply causation*".. if stuttering has an association with tension, anxiety, and anticipation.. How do we know for certain if these factors are truly causational (or at least, contributing to execution difficulty type stuttering or the duration of silent blocks)? Because after all, it's also plausible that we are not seeing far enough behind these factors theoretically, implying that anxiety/anticipation/tension are not truly causational? I mean, your thoughts? Perhaps this question (that I posed) is meaningless in the grand scheme of things.. maybe a more effective and relevant question would be, to ask you how you view the model (or diagram) that depicts the moment to moment motor breakdown/inhibition in silent blocks? I could visualize it after all, if you are willing to share your viewpoint.