Terminologies explained: * Speech motor plan: This is motor plan contains instructions what words we say (linguistic information) and how we say them (phonological encoding), like for example, the motor plan contains how the mouth, tongue, lips, and vocal cords move to produce the correct sounds in the right order, and includes how loud or soft, high or low, and the rhythm and melody of your speech * Speech error: A speech error is simpy the perceived disruption in our internal representation, which can literally be anything, such as anticipation of negative reactions, stuttering anticipation, an anticipatory pressure in the throat, possibility or doubt to execute the speech motor plan etc. A speech error is NOT stuttering, but perceiving a speech error in the initial **speech motor plan** as a threat can result in motor inhibition - aka primary stuttering