Awesome post! Questions we can then ask ourselves are: What are plausible explanations for the abnormal eye movements that accompany stuttering? Is it genetic or does it indicate brain function - in developmental stuttering? Are eye movements required in fluent speech production, or is it compensatory in nature - to compensate for the loss of motor function? Does it fulfill the function of getting past a block (managing stuttering) or do abnormal eye movements support a reduction of stutter pressure (or cognitive conflict) due to triggers or high expectations (managing emotions / managing physiological arousal)? Do secondary symptoms like abnormal eye movements function in a manner - to let listeners know that we are still attempting to get our message accross (to prevent listeners from interrupting us or from leaving the situation)? Could the absense of unusual noises or smells be related to the nature of the activity? For example, communicative contexts with a social element might normally be associated with eye contact (and facial expressions) rather than with unusual noises or smell? In what other ways could the frontal lobe be implicated in developmental stuttering? For example, research studies found that Executive Functions (EF) are impaired in PWS. EF resides in the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) of the frontal lobe. Could the EF deficit be negatively implicated by the **stutter mechanism**? (such as, the variable release threshold mechanism, monitoring-response mechanism, protection mechanism, trigger-body symptom mechanism, high expectation-avoidance mechanism etc) - which might gradually impair inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility in developmental stuttering? Is it possible the impairment of executive functions is due to: * excessively focusing on: managing emotions, increased stress and anxiety - which might impair working memory or inhibitory control * focusing on managing emotions which results in reduced cognitive resources or reduced capacity for other executive functions * focusing too much on linguistic details could burden working memory, and thus, it affects the ability to shift attention or engage in cognitive flexibility * excessive attention to physical tension, mental tension or physiological symptoms (in order to manage stuttering/fluency), or timing can contribute to increased stress, affecting executive function by causing cognitive overload or distraction All in all, this could then result in difficulties in task switching or focusing on relevant information. Your thoughts?