[u/bookaholic4life](https://www.reddit.com/user/bookaholic4life/) **Comment #2:** >*"There are theories that attempt to explain aspects of stuttering. For example, we have psychoanalytic approaches (which I personally don't like due to their lack of scientific concern), we have approaches that try to explain stuttering as a learned behavior (called 'operant behavior,' which, for me, doesn't align with the characteristics of stuttering), there are studies regarding the relationship between stuttering and dopamine (also quite theoretical), there's a lot out there, and little evidence, studies on the personality of people who stutter, on the impacts of stuttering on people's lives (those that don't imply causes, only psychological consequences of stuttering). I think I made it very clear since the beginning that the theories are not 100% based on evidence. There are articles about dopamine and stuttering, but quantity and does not mean quality of evidence. Dopamine is actually related to other disorders like depression, schizophrenia, and even autism, with the same difficulty in explanation: "It is related to the disorders," but the mechanisms are unclear. We cannot confirm the role of dopamine in stuttering, only that "there's a relation between dopamine levels and stuttering.* *Even in treatment, dopamine medications do not always have the same results as we predict; sometimes they do not even get results. I am sure that with stuttering it is the same, or otherwise, medicine would be highly recommended and highly efficient. And besides, a lot of other treatments not related to dopamine can help stuttering, including what I quoted, "easy onset" techniques, which are not related to dopamine treatments. It shows that the disorders (including stuttering) are complex, and we cannot address a single cause. The safest approach is to address a genetic/hereditary predisposition, but I wouldn't be surprised if even this weren't an obligation to develop stuttering (like congenital but not hereditary conditions). Dopamine levels can be a factor, as I said about emotions. As for me, you can share your theories or thoughts about how dopamine works on stuttering, including how emotions have a role in dopamine levels in stuttering (because dopamine is also linked to emotions like pleasure, satisfaction, and anxiety too)."*