>How do you reduce anexity and speech issues before I speak? Great question! Anxiety is influenced by a lot of different factors such as: * **unhelpful beliefs**: for example, "*if we perceive errors as a problem or to be avoided*" (unhelpful belief), then it may lead to strong emotions when we block, anticipate anxiety, overthink, or use 'anticipation' as a negative coping mechanism to manage fluency * **sensitivity towards errors or anticipation**: for example, each person responds differently to errors or anticipation depending on how much they built tolerance against them * **orienting sensitivity**: for example, each person puts their automatic attention on other aspects when errors/anticipation trigger their freeze response * **unhelpful attitudes**: for example, due to environmental factors and negative experiences, each person prioritizes other kinds of sensory feedback control over feedforward control that changes the relation between the stutter domain and anxiety domain * **acceptance in avoidance-behaviors**: for example, each person applies different avoidance responses. If one accepts certain avoidance responses completely as the way they speak, then anxiety could play a much smaller role in producing stuttered speech. Important note, I argue that people who stutter more severely avoid fluency behaviors such as prosody, more often in spite of anxiety. In this viewpoint, it's more a lack of knowledge that produces speech block, than anxiety These are my opinions. I hope it sheds light on different aspects of stuttering and anxiety that we normally don't even think about. So, reducing anxiety is a very individualized approach because anxiety responses are elicited from completely different factors for each person, wouldn't you say so? A better question I argue would be, why would we need to reduce anxiety exacly? (since PWS are also able to speak fluently with social anxiety, anxiety of stuttering anticipation and anxiety from negative listeners reactions) We should therefore ask ourselves, what does reducing anxiety accomplish exactly in managing the forward flow of speech? Even if we speak fluently because we reduced anxiety (such as when we speak alone), it won't lead to outgrowing stuttering which I argue, is because we still maintain the unhelpful beliefs/attitudes that maintain the stutter disorder. With my stammering, I don't reduce feeling anticipatory anxiety, I mindfully become tolerant against it and remove its meaning.