I think if we all, brainstorm long enough. We could draw a very extended detailed vicious circle of "fluency breakdown". I'm sure that stimuli such as fear or anticipation could be inside one of the components - of such a vicious circle. One SLP thinks that fear (of social rejection) may be the final link. but I personally think it's actually something else. What if "*evaluating fearful stimuli for the freeze response*" is actually the final link in such vicious circle. If this is true, then it might be effective to accept/allow negative evaluation. (such as "*fear of social rejection is punishing*".. after all, non-stutterers might also experience this. In fact, stutterers themselves might experience this when speaking fluenty when alone) And instead. I think it might be effective to unlearn (i.e., not allow) - or a better term would be "let go" - of the last part "*for the freeze response*". In that sense, we simply unlink the freeze response from the negative evaluation (such as "*fear of social rejection is punishing*"). I mean, is this the "EXTRA" overreliance that results in a maladaptive stutter cycle? the association between "evaluation" and "for the freeze response" seems to be a **conditioning** process. I'd say that conditioning at its core is primarily an association problem (that prevents stuttering remission). Your thoughts? But what can we do about it? The answer I came up with (which might be different for everyone), is: Our subconscious already knows how to execute speech, i.e., it already knows how to kick-start the automatic processes. So: It's perhaps less about learning a new thing, and more about going back to our roots (we let the instinct do its thing?!).. so I think stutterers by default are so focused on other things (like the unnecessary fluency demands, or even compensatory strategies to compensate for the breakdown, or avoidance strategies or whatnot). In that sense, I'd say it's more about getting to understand how our own body/mind works.. perhaps the best description I could come with, is: Accept how our subconscious tells our own body when to kick-start the automatic processes that are required for fluent speech production. Let go of those extra demands (all that baggage that stutterers have learned during stuttering development). It's not called develomental stuttering for nothing; so in that sense it might be a 180 degrees change (at its core) from neurogenic stuttering (although many stutterers seem to claim that they treat their own stuttering as neurogenic unnecessarily). TL;DR: (*summary; my personal viewpoint*) First, find out what your own freeze response is (otherwise, what are you gonna target, since you can't target stuttering, that's simply the manifestation?). Then secondly: Stop relying on the need to evaluate (fearful stimuli) for said freeze response. Thirdly: Speak on the timing of your own planned prosody (don't create a new prosody, just use the initial prosody your instinct always creates itself, and time your speech execution based on it) - which may bring us closer to early onset stuttering and closer to speaking like a non-stutterer. This is just my own take on it. But remember, what works for one might not work for another person!