Now, as a medical student who stutters, first of all I want to say that this is really a nice post, I appreciate it. Secondly, I think that the main problem with stuttering research is that there are many types of stutterers. So, for example, unlike Tourette Syndrome, it is hard to properly classify participants in those researches. All of them might be different. As a result, our conclusion will be misguided. I think that we should distinguish stutterers as 'mainly psychological' stutterers and 'mainly neurological' stutterers. (Not to deny that there are significant overlaps in both groups but this is the main sketch of my idea) If someone's stutter is really mainly neurological (and its etiology is as expected, such as early starting age, stuttering even when alone, gendered as male), behavioral and psychological modifications will only work to some extent. So in this group, we should aim for the antidopaminergic drugs that specifically 'aim' for the neuronal areas that are related to the severe neurological stuttering. Neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens are mainly dopaminergic.