>*"Is stuttering Psychological or Neurological?"* **In my opinion:** I think the mistake is in drawing some kind of separation between the mind and the brain. Typically when someone says something it's "*neurological not psychological*" what they mean is that there is visible, confirmable damage to some part of the brain, some breakdown of critical molecular processes, or something of that nature. Persistent Developmental Stuttering (PDS) is NOT in that category. Our brains look healthy. There's no lesions. Chemically we're within normal ranges. Stuttering is distinctly not neurological in that traditional sense of the word. But people confuse the fact that people are looking at Stuttering from the neurological level, with "it being neurological". If you believe that the mind comes from the brain. And I hope we at least agree that far. Then you can understand how the brain imaging studies are pointing in the direction of the psychology that's involved. "*The mysterious subconscious*" is not some magical place. There's brain regions that associate with specific subconscious and conscious processes. Mostly what people mean when they say "*subconscious*", they're referring to the basal ganglia and thalamus. These are the subcortical regions that control your thoughts and actions. And develop habits, and learn skills. A great deal of stuttering research is focused around this area. And it tells us a great deal about what's going on from a psychological perspective. It tells us exactly where to dial in to look within our own minds to find where the Stuttering is living. And what to do about it. Another area that comes up a lot is the insula. Another "*subconscious*" subcortical region. It's job is self-image. At every level, from the feeling that you're inside your own body, to whether you're the kind of person who likes blue hats better then yellow bandanas. We all always knew that Stuttering had to do with self-image. Guess what, that shows up on the fmri. When we're trying too hard to control every syllable at a very conscious level, to get every bit right, and it's backfiring like crazy and making us stutter a million times worse. That's the unusual overactivation of the right side speech areas, that they see so much in people who stutter (pws) but almost never in fluent people. Shows up on the fmri. And I could go on. It's a big mistake to think that just because fmri studies are showing results, that that means stuttering is some unapproachable structural abnormality that we can do nothing about. Or that it means our thoughts and feelings and subconscious aren't creating the fmri results. They most certainly are. It doesn't mean it's not psychological. It most certainly is. The fmri machine just offers us a roadmap to just exactly what it is that's going on. Psychologically and subconsciously. That doesn't offer a cure. A cure is something someone else does for you. The information is only useful to the person who stutters themselves. It's useful to the therapist, only so far as it tells them what they need to teach you so you can complete the journey for yourself. But it's your journey. You have to choose to walk it, or not, with, or without a map. I strongly suggest to read [this](https://direct.mit.edu/nol/article/2/2/308/98521/The-Role-of-Sensory-Feedback-in-Developmental?searchresult=1) research study: The Role of Sensory Feedback in Developmental Stuttering (DIVA model), as it delves deeper and offers clearer explanations.