Speech therapists have begun to address the emotional and psychological sides of stuttering. I am a recently retired slp and I used a heavy emphasis on the counseling emphasis but we also worked some on strategies to get beyond block if necessary. President Biden used intensive practice nightly—reading poetry and like and that seems to have worked for him. Some people have theorized that stuttering has a huge approach— avoidance element to it. “Negative practice,” or intentionally stuttering can be very effective for that reason. With children we used to compete to see who could stutter more 😀 Intentionally stuttering desensitizes you to the anxiety! avoidance issue. It can be a tough sell since it seems so counter intuitive—and it really takes bravery to take negative practice out into the community, but it IMO works. Ideally the speech therapist goes with you into the community and intentionally stutters. I’ve done it on the past, and yes it is uncomfortable—my biggest problem was feeling like a fraud—but the client or child sees it can be done, and is more likely to do that if the SLP is willing to first.