> In a way, it’s become muscle memory. But I do feel like stuttering is also cognitive and linked to confidence. It most certainly ​ > We can change bad habits. So if can somehow break these bad habits and make new ones, maybe we can lessen our stuttering? (I'm going to use the word "habits" but I don't love that characterization.) For me, it wasn't breaking bad habits. I didn't learn to fix my disfluent speech. I was taught good habits. I learned to speak from scratch, fluently. Any time my old habits would try to present, I was taken back a stage or two in my speech development, and we worked forward again. So as to not allow old habits into the new speech I was learning.