I'm not going to discount the fact that stuttering has neurophysiological roots. I'd be wrong. And while medication may certainly address neurophysiological aspects of the problem, I'm of the opinion that it's going to take the work that I referred to earlier as well. I use the term 'learned' earlier, and it seems that you took objection to that idea. Allow me to rephrase it as stuttering is ingrained in our speech. I don't believe that addressing dopamine levels or other neurophysiological aspects is going to remove the stutter. It's a slippery bastard and tends to compensate for all the tricks and cheats that people try. I'm not saying that medications are tricks or cheats. I'm referring to things like avoidance, cheater words/sounds, etc. Maybe someday medication will be a key aspect in a more comprehensive fluency program. I think many of us struggle with fluency programs because of the nervousness and anxiety. What I continue to see with medications that addressed dopamine levels is that they tend to have waning efficacy. I'm enjoying our conversation! Cheers