Comment #2: In conclusion, the recurring argument that "I stutter even without feeling anxiety" misses the point I think since it doesn’t invalidate the role of responses to conditioned stimuli. So. I think we should think about what automatic processes mean. Let's say that I, you or a non-stutterer is sitting on a chair doing nothing (not even talking).. then it means that humans are required to do 'something' to start executing speech. What is that something? As I said, it's not nothing.. and unfortunately, it seems that 99% of people in this sub completely overlook this question, but it's one of the most important questions towards progress in stuttering remission. The answer I found for myself is, that non-stutterers - in order to execute speech - need to let their subconscious (or brain) know WHEN to start executing speech.. if this is true, then the questoin we can ask is: How? Do non-stutterers make a hand signal to let their body know WHEN to start speaking? No right? The only way they 'converse' this signal is by thinking the signal.. In the exact same way how all humans are required to "think the starting signal" when they choose to move their legs or arms or mouth. So if we put it into a model about what is required for speech execution: \- thinking the starting signal (that decides WHEN the brain should start executing speech) \- not calming down, not speaking more slowly, not reducing fear, or any other techniques. Right? (those are all maladaptive compensatory strategies, I'd even call them secondaries because they only impair speech executoin, that is, if we use them specifically in order to execute speech rather than reinforcing efficient communication). In this way, I think it's less about what techniques we should add, and more about simply unlearning compensatory strategies. And re-learning automatic processes. This by itself has helped me achieve stuttering remissions and relapses.. and If this is not enough, I'd also suggest cognitive restructuring the value judgements (i.e., should-statements such as "I should freeze, if I maladaptively anticipate speech execution etc" (and dozens of other value judgements that directly influence motor movement execution)