In my opinion, pmo caused my stutter. There have been studies out there that show it messes with the wiring in ones brain by abusing dopamine receptors in the frontal lobe. It has also been shown that dopamine signaling plays a critical role in speech production. I’m currently about 17 months into celibacy right now and haven’t seen the results I wanted to yet (in a long flatline), but hoping a breakthrough with my speech and mental health is coming soon.