Thank you for your response! What exactly can I explain better in the text? Basically, the research is about inhibitory control. The role of inhibitory control is stimulus orienting, interference control, response flexibility, response cancellation and response restraint. People who stutter (PWS) have a reduced ability to inhibit or control certain instinctive or automatic responses. Let me give three examples: * PWS may struggle to adapt and continue to exhibit the same type of healthy response even after recognizing speech errors, anticipating stuttering or anticipating negative listener responses * PWS may perceive false alarms too quickly when encountering certain internal (like, speech errors) and external stimuli (like, perceiving that people are judging us) evoking a fight, flight or freeze response. Basically, PWS may tend to resort to secondary or avoidance responses (like substituting words, or stalling) too quickly and without actually needing to do so.. they just think they need to rely on it (relying on wrong or incomplete information) * PWS may respond prematurely to a stimulus before they have sufficient information or before the correct time to respond, such as, research found that PWS already activate motor movements (such as tension, tremor or (abnormal) speech movements) before the actual onset of speech