>"There are many PWS who have stopped stuttering" Research states that 80% of kids outgrow stuttering. Adults sporadically outgrow stuttering because they learned to identify, justify and choose compulsion in their new stutter habit. Therefore, it becomes even harder to change the response and perspective of the trigger. ​ >"a block comes from the ATTEMPT to stop/hide/prevent an audible stutter. So having “no stutter” Shallottmirror is completely right. Our reaction to the trigger is: "stopping trigger, making trigger unconscious (or as you say 'hiding'), making it unquestionable and trying to change the trigger (by convincing). Of course this doesn't work. Because 'hiding' the trigger puts it right back into our unconsciousness where it already has full control. Stopping doesn't work because you can't eliminate hardwired triggers. Changing the trigger doesn't work, because hardwired triggers from the instinct need another approach: after all, you can't just 'convince yourself to believe you speak fluently'. Argument: because whole your life you have been convincing yourself that you stutter which leads up to an anticipation of a stutter. Similar to a grandma who is racist, cannot change her hardwired triggers. Classic CBT is counter-productive against hardwired stutter triggers. However, you CAN observe them in order to become resilient and learn that the triggers are not real and fearful. Changing the compulsion is called 'ritual' (secondary behavior, reassurance-seeking). Regarding what Shallottmirror said, besides triggers, we also have to deal with the 'response' to the triggers. Shallottmirror phrased it very nicely. If we think of a trigger "I will stutter on a feared letter", we react to it. For example: ​ * We stop, hide or change the trigger * we turn into fight and flight response and we ruminate * We focus on controlling the speech muscles * We measure the progress of fluency * We focus on stutter experience * We focus on stutter feeling to deliberately predict a stutter * We believe we cannot stop compulsion * We define our speech error as chronic stuttering * We blame our speech error on: "because we stutter" All these **responses** to our trigger, lead to a stutter anticipation convincing us to do compulsion.