I would argue that most PWS may not even be aware of the perceived or anticipated error, panic response, or approach-avoidance conflict as long as they rely on controlled processes or auto-pilot speech rather than automatic processes. For example, throughout my life, I was absolutely unaware of these errors or conflicts that resulted in a panic/freeze response. that is, until I re-learned to reinforce automatic processes which gradually led to a shift allowing me to recognize the conflict (between the neocortex and basal ganglia) i.e., the anticipated errors. These errors basically tell me not to execute speech (i.e., approach-avoidance conflict). Here I think we can distinguish between positive and negative value judgements.. sure, if we perceive blocks as bad it could lead to poorly fine-tuning speech executoin.. but in my own experience when I was a child, the opposite occured (just before stuttering onset). My mother who stuttered explained to me that "blocks are good" (i.e., a positive value judgements) which equally led to a maladaptive fine-tuning of my speech executoin. So ultimiately I think that both negative and positive value judgements are bad.. because they impair our ability to adequately fine-tune the release threshold to execute words/sounds for execution. So these errors or conflict does not necessarily occur when we anticipate a feared word.. from my understanding, most triggers (especially the uncondintioned stimulus 'fear of social; rejection') turned very much subconscious overtime. This is just my own take on it