Thank you! Yes indeed, you make a valid point about neuroplasticity and unlearning! We can unlearn: the vicious cycle, the defense mechanism, the monitoring-response mechanism, the conditioned responses, the fight flight freeze response, and the neural differences (aka inhibition, compensation and reaction), and so much more. Personally, I think that people with developmental stuttering are able to achieve subconscious fluency and stuttering remission. I think that speech therapy simply hasn't progressed enough to provide an effective approach towards stuttering remission yet. So to me it seems that they focus on other things entirelly, things that don't result in unlearning conditioning of the primary underlying problems that prevent stuttering recovery. Problem: The problem that I perceive, however, is that it seems that most PWS (people who stutter) and speech therapists argue that this is the most effective way to prevent trauma: "**We should believe that we will always stutter no matter what**" (a problem). For example, if we stutter when trying to speak more fluently, and if we fail, then - speech therapists say - that it might lead to trauma. Therefore, they argue that we should just believe that we will always continue stuttering no matter what. This prevents trauma. While I agree that this prevents trauma, it would seem that the speech therapists ignore the fact that such beliefs reinforce stuttering anticipation. People who stutter often feel in their throat a pressure (a feeling), or they just know that they will stutter (a thought) This stuttering anticipation triggers stuttering If we believe that we will always continue stuttering no matter what, then this will subconsciously develop stuttering anticipation So then the question is: **Question**: What are alternatives? Are there any alternatives? (in which, we don't reinforce stuttering anticipation, while still preventing traumatic experiences e.g., when fearing stuttering if we aim for more fluency) Speech therapists imply that "believing we will always stutter no matter what" is the only viable way to prevent trauma. But is it? Is it really? Why should it be the only way of preventing trauma? Believing we will always stutter no matter what keeps us in the future (rather than the present), and is itself a form of cognitive distortion that contradicts mindfulness approaches. **Thoughts?**