>*Everyone tells me it’s a confidence thing but I really highly doubt so since I stutter to even my teachers but I’m not scared of them and i am fairly confident* In a subset of PWS "confidence" can improve fluency. [This](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021992418300789) research found that people who have stuttered but recovered from stuttering, often attributed it to confidence. [This](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352029918_STUTTERING_DOPAMINE_AND_INCENTIVE_LEARNING) research states that, stuttering remission may occur, if the novelty effect of a therapy lasts long enough to enable the development of **confidence** in one’s ability to speak without stuttering. This may explain why some therapists with a convincing manner, succeed in eliciting better results, regardless of what type of therapeutic approach they adopt. My opinion: Personally, I have never experienced improved fluency when feeling more confident. Perhaps, because I have never linked confidence to speech performance? I hypothesize that a subset of PWS improve fluency with confidence, due to: (1) confidence can help resolve perceived conflict (see [research](https://alliedhealth.ceconnection.com/ovidfiles/00011363-202201000-00004.pdf)), (2) confidence can help reduce unhelpful (panic) reactions to the sensation of loss of control, (3) confidence can result in reduced blaming of bioneurology, or certain imaginary concepts (such as feared words, feared situations, a concept of winter (as explained previously)), (4) confidence can function as a protective barrier to prevent us from scanning for threats, (5) confidence can lead us to perceiving errors (or stimuli) as more positive than they really are, all this results in having more faith in automatic feedforward processes rather than overreliance on the production or feedback system.