I don't believe I stuttered when I was alone. Actually that's not 100% true. I remember having to record voicemail greetings numerous times because my stutter came through while I was trying to record it. I'm a certain there's a psychological component to stuttering. Stuttering can devastate one's psyche. But I 100% disagree with the idea that it's fluency achieved through belief or confidence. I recall in one of my very early therapy sessions, I used the DAF device. I was able to experience fluency using that device. When I was actively using the techniques I had learned in the real world, that was a lot of work. Therapy, both in and out of the office, was a lot of work. Building a chain of successes certainly does a lot for one's confidence. But those successes are not a result of confidence from speech therapy. Those successes are a result of the work that I did. You don't hit a baseball because your mind believes that you can do it through practice. You hit a baseball because you put in hours of practice. You do the work in the gym, you do the work with the coaches, you do the work on the practice field, you learn how to hit a baseball. Will you struggle to hit the ball if you're confidence is off? Yeah. But without doing all of the work, all the confidence in the world is not going to help you hit that ball.