"The techniques and tricks of traditional therapy don't work because SLPs don't treat it as a phobia, they're only interested in the mechanical function of speech." Reply: I'd like to reply to this comment. Personally, I can resonate with his experience, because prolongation, pseudo-stuttering, soft contacts and other stuttering modification/FS techniques did not increase my fluency, and actually made my stuttering worse. The reason I commented just now, is to provide potential reasons (my hypotheses so to say) why some PWS (such as me) didn't improve fluency during primary/high school, whereas others have improved fluency using traditional speech therapy. My arguments why traditional speech therapy might increase fluency IMO: * Firstly, PWS don't stutter when silent mouthing (aka without breath or voice). But, if PWS add "**our own voice**" (aka auditory feedback), then we start stuttering. If this is true, then in this specific context, "**our own voice**" might be our **trigger**, do you agree? * Secondly, according to [this ](https://ahn.mnsu.edu/services-and-centers/center-for-communication-sciences-and-disorders/services/stuttering/professional-education/convention-materials/archive-of-online-conferences/isad2007/why-do-so-many-stutterers-fail-to-stutter-when-alone-and-how-can-this-phenomenon-be-used-in-treatment/)research, 65% of PWS don't stutter when alone, 25% stutter significantly less, and 10% continue stuttering. So, in the case of most PWS, if they add "**a person**" then they start stuttering (more). If this is true, then in this specific context, "**a person('s judgement)**" might be their **trigger**. For the 10% of PWS who continue stuttering when alone, their trigger might be "**our own judgement**", or it might be simply "**our own voice**" (*in this context, I don't consider the 10% vs 90% PWS more or less neurological or psychological, I hope this clears it up*) * if we keep analyzing stuttering in this way, then eventually we would create a list of 100s of such environmental or epigenetic factors \[triggers\]. * In my lifetime, there were periods where I stuttered severely when alone, and other periods where I don't stutter when alone. If this is true, then I draw the conclusion that: * If I don't stutter when alone, then I didn't let such environmental (or epigenetic) triggers affect my speech performance. Such as, in periods where I didn't stutter when alone (1) I didn't blame such triggers, (2) or, I lowered my expectations or demands, such as: "I need to reduce the trigger first, in order to initiate speech" (maladaptive expectation) - resulting in not making myself intolerant for such triggers specifically to execute speech movements Yes indeed, stuttering is a multifactorial disorder. But, if we zoom in on environmental (or epigenetic) triggers (as per above comment), what do you make of it?