Now, 10 months later, I have new insights. I will try to explain it. Maybe you can say if you agree with it. Remember, everyone has different perspectives, experiences, and beliefs so you probably have completely different conclusions. But my conclusion is: 1. I perceive the **main problem** of stuttering only to be '**inability to execute speech movements**'. In other words, a speech planning and execution deficit that causes a delay in executing articulation. For example, if I block on the 'L' (prolongation) or on the 'P' (silent block), then my mouth muscles, laryngeal or respiratory muscles simply won't move to the next articulatory position to form the next sound. 2. **Unimpaired speech planning/execution**: Non-stutterers execute speech movements, simply by "instructing/deciding" (according to PhD researcher Yairi). 3. **Impaired speech planning/execution**: However, according to many researchers, this 'instruction/decision' is being disrupted in people who stutter. So, during a block, we never **instructed** in the first place. 4. **Problem with speech therapies**: SLPs and therapies don't approach direct 'instructing/deciding' to execute speech movements, instead, they focus on indirectly attempting to 'instruct' by applying fluency-shaping and block-modification-techniques. However, the problem is that these techniques are not fluency laws, rather they are negative coping mechanisms if we don't combine them with direct 'instruction', in my opinion 5. **Question to you**: if you consciously instruct your brain or yourself to execute speech movements during a block, will this result in unblocking? 6. **Answer**: For me, the answer is yes. But for you, if your answer is no, then I will try to explain how to 'instruct', in [this](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uM00dMLAzjGuO-qHtKMb_tezdmKPzRDK/view?usp=sharing) screenshot. Does 'instruction', now, result in unblocking for you? 7. So, 'instructing/deciding' belongs in the category: **feedforward control** or **maintaining the forward flow of speech**. Since stuttering is a neurological [habit](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22neurological+habit%22+%22research%22), I suggest to also apply **feedback control** or **stress management**, which implies that we deal with the disruptions. The next main question is then, what is disrupting us from '*instructing execution of speech movements*'? In my opinion, the habitual disruptions are different for each person who stutters. So, my recommendation to you is, that you can mindfully observe your mind and body how you are blocking exactly, and how the vicious circle of this blocking is maintained 8. To help you out, these are my own disruptions, which you can take inspiration from: see [this](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bu6kw_8EXNBLmV-T3Kno68hENp6XNvS0/view?usp=sharing) screenshot. I will try to explain the screenshot. So, during a block, with my own stammering, I notice that I am trying to indirectly attempt to execute speech movements by activating the right-side hemisphere e.g., I apply physical tension in the speech muscles, I breathe out more, I am counting 1-2-3-inhale-speak, I am untensing speech muscles, I am speaking slower, I am substituting words, I blame genetics, or I blame emotional demands, **I rely on the perfect articulatory tension from glottal air pressure to decide whether to initiate motor movements or not**, etc 9. Importantly note, did you notice that I wrote '*speaking slower*' and '*untensing speech muscles*'? You would argue these to be good things, and actually they are good things to apply, but they turn into bad things if we replace direct 'instruction' with '**speaking slower or untensing**' in a failed attempt to execute speech movements. See the difference? This is very important to grasp 10. Lastly, non-stutterers apply a set of instructions to speak fluently, see [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/Stutter/comments/14q95kz/do_you_agree_that_nonstutterers_and_people_who/) post. I notice that **people who stutter** (PWS) switch the order of these set of instructions, or they skip/avoid a step entirely and replace it with negative coping mechanisms (aka right-hemisphere activities)