>*"If I understand your question right, you're wondering about the use of sensory cues to help oneself determine the timing of speech movement onsets"* No, I meant something completely different. >*"Something like: "when I feel my larynx start to vibrate when speaking the 'B' sound, I will begin lowering my jaw to move my lips apart.""* No, I meant something completely different. >*"And then you're asking about moving beyond these sort-of artificial cues, so that speech feels more natural and self-directed?"* No, I meant something completely different. This is my attempt to expand further on it. I resolved the issue - that you pointed out - regarding timing of speech movement onset, by applying [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/Stutter/comments/14q95kz/do_you_agree_that_nonstutterers_and_people_who/) diagram that I created. Instead of relying on an internal timing cue or speech rhythm (to time the speech movement onset), I simply apply a cognitive rule or condition (to time the speech movement onset), which is: * "*I instruct execution of speech movement, whenever my Articulatory Starting Position (ASP) is set*" So, an example would be, if I pronounce the letter /P/. Then this would be my speech process: (abbreviated) * (1) I position my articulators (in this case, I close my lips because the /P/ starts with closed lips) * (2) Then I instruct execution of speech movements (which is a fluency law. Even non-stutterers are required to do this for either fluent or stuttered speech production otherwise we would be stuck on the same sound for 6 months - which is obviously not true) \[feedforward control\] (see these explanations: [(1)](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1amGm1wLCeIE-kiNqNScqiTLJcAHeOTgm/view?usp=sharing), ([2](https://www.reddit.com/r/Stutter/comments/162icx5/human_beings_cannot_consciously_move_any_muscles/)), ([3](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uM00dMLAzjGuO-qHtKMb_tezdmKPzRDK/view?usp=sharing)), ([4](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JefrfXYjCIyAyidu1qxg9G_RqipQjQ53/view?usp=sharing)), ([5](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1f0lLIJC6O3SxvFUVQMd6LXBz0suha3EG/view?usp=sharing))) * (3) Then I initiate voice onset. (note: if I initiate voice onset before motor execution, then I create a block, either from: * the hyperdirect pathways (explained in these scientific diagrams: ([1](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7PFQ0K-8wud77vzL6cBHILXrPhE78X/view?usp=sharing)), ([2](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iIWvZ4K8-apu4IRCCHStCL9iOA0c92k8/view?usp=sharing)), ([3](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-uSV2uvDI5prc-qFiJyXWiUdZKThnzSL/view?usp=sharing))). For example, cognitive, emotional or linguistic demands and conflicts triggered by a feared anticipated word raising the execution threshold too high) * or from the [direct/indirect pathways](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oUKnf2tiUvXtzhUjZJ2ijHWFzCLJScz3/view?usp=sharing). For example, one initiates voice onset before instructing motor execution \[aka impaired speech programming\] - e.g., because of (1) incorrect information, or a lack of information, (2) or one learned to prioritize or justify this impaired speech programming (or encoding of the speech plan), such as prioritizing overactivation of the feedback system or speech production system to replace (or disrupt) the speech initiation step, or (3) one learned to reinforce overreliance on this impaired programming (but not from raising the execution threshold too high) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Back to my initial question. **Situation:** I analyzed my own stuttering, and created a list of all my triggers - that lead to inhibition of executing motor movements (aka a speech block) (source: ([1](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iPNEN1j0Gp2Dow6X3d9rxkJixtnuD2sc/view?usp=sharing)), ([2](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NXP_o7cp80mpw38K94pRN_2wZxU5h1Au/view?usp=sharing)), ([3](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S-ahA5bXrR2XbZbAdiuUSznH4SJp-UZ5/view?usp=sharing)), ([4](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A0tKkg0MnyRRnOP-JQGwx1IhREmfrnd8/view?usp=sharing))). So, in essence I could have 100 different triggers or conditions that I use to decide whether to execute speech movements. As explained above, fluent speakers as well as PWS are required to **instruct** motor execution \[under the step: decision-making\] for speech production. Without this action or intervention, human beings are unable to speak. **Problem:** The problem of my stutter disorder is, that I "learned" to associate such triggers with: * either, not instructing motor movements * or, instructing motor execution inhibition Both leading to a speech block. **Question:** The next question I then need to ask myself, is: * What are all the interventions, to dissociate *triggers \[disruption of feedforward control\]* from *instructing execution of speech movements \[feedforward control\]*?