>*"What clinical interventions could we develop with the goal of targeting the dysfunction in the Nucleus Accumbens?"* **In my opinion:** * Changing one’s perception of how to cope with rewarding-punishing stimuli e.g.: * intentionally activating a reward signal when learning from the attributions to stuttering-like disfluencies * don’t consider “getting triggered by negative perception/anticipation or negative evaluation” as a punishment anymore * even if you consider “negative perceptions/anticipation/evaluation” as punishing stimuli, in spite of this, learn to not send a punishment signal if this triggers you * Building tolerance for gains and losses * Unlearning unhelpful stutter behaviors and learning fluency behaviors * The dopaminergic reward system may be disrupted, if PWS (1) completely lose faith in the feedforward system, (2) habitually give up on restoring this faith, or (3) justify the stutter program. **Clinical intervention**: So, I suggest to address this issue