Thank you for the answers! Just to clarify, their theory has not been refuted; it simply has not been further pursued, mainly due to the difficulty in investigating it, just like many other theories that have tried to explain it. If you have any material that refutes their theory, feel free to send it to me, and I would be grateful. The dopaminergic or genetic hypotheses of stuttering in no way refute their theory, as these hypotheses do not explain the entire phenomenon of stuttering and also focus on a completely different level of analysis than the authors I brought are working on, and they could even complement each other. I used "psychogenic" stuttering to demonstrate the strength of emotional effects and the effect of disintegration, not to say it is the same phenomenon. In fact, there is a lack of understanding, as pointed out in the scientific literature, regarding the relationship and similarity between "normal" disfluencies (from people who don't stutter) and stuttering, such as whether they share causal factors or not. For me, I believe I was careful when I stated in the first post that: * all causes of stuttering remain unclear. * and * That the theory is a hypothesis on stuttering (so, not concrete proof or absolute truth). And that this is: * My personal view (of what causes stuttering).