Good to know this is why my hap hazard methods often work! in the past 10 years of doing this without the pressure of therapy I have had a reduction. I agree that not being afraid of repetition helped me. it took a long time to accept it but it can temper a block. Repeating is really the only time I can think about "slowing down" between the repeats and you're right usually by then I've gotten the extra air out. I don't think I'm teachable anymore and I'm not blind that I'm bitter, the process is not something I am comfortable with because I just assume it's going to be more of the same. I think if I was given time I would have arrived at the methods I have found on my own, if peers weren't so harsh and I wasn't treated like a broken pull-to-talk doll. That Small Red Fox jumped over the lazy dogs one too many times for me! Even the Therapist I gave a chance to around 2010 worked with on the speecheasy: it was all inhale inhale and that noise was not working for me at all. and I could not hold a thought to completion with the DAF. Maybe to read a speech off paper! I told my family I think Biden might have one though I don't think it explains all of his quirky speech quirks. I used to get wicked off course on a thought because I couldn't hear myself think. boy that was a ridiculous excursion for me! Sorry I'm all treatment averse over here but I gotta give you credit that this is kind informed advice that supposes the research and doesn't advertise therapy as a cure. I really appreciate that. (I don't disagree with SLPs for kids these days if they have better research. I think being treated better earlier maybe I would be one of the folks who keeps trying more and more things. Only recently though! it seems like some SLPs are still working out of expired volumes of Sally: Seller of Seashells.