**What is the difference between auto-pilot speech and automatic processes?** Consider this -if we stop thinking, and start speaking on auto-pilot, our brain will still subconsciously repond to anticipation, fear of social rejection, communication failure (and trigger the approach-avoidance conflict) etc - even if you are not consciously aware of them, resulting in: We may continue speaking when the basal ganglia (i.e., evaluation mechanisms) say no, we may rely on controlled speech, tension, or secondaries. I think it's essentially a phase further away from stuttering remission. **Automatic processes?** Of course, if both stutterers and non-stutterers are sitting quietly without speaking, we're doing nothing. To begin speaking, we must first engage in some action to trigger the automatic processes, like (sub)consciously informing our brain regarding the "starting signal" WHEN to start executing speech. Here, I'm not referring to willpower, a phrase like "I choose to speak", a desire to speak, a fluent anticipation, fluency state or literally anything else. I'm only referring to the action that kickstarts automatic processes that results in executing the speech plan.