**In your own experience, do you speak fluently, stutter less or there is no effect, if you speak when you are alone?** According to [research](https://ahn.mnsu.edu/services-and-centers/center-for-communication-sciences-and-disorders/services/stuttering/professional-education/convention-materials/archive-of-online-conferences/isad2007/why-do-so-many-stutterers-fail-to-stutter-when-alone-and-how-can-this-phenomenon-be-used-in-treatment/#:~:text=However%2C%20when%20it%20comes%20to,%2D%20only%205%2D12%25) findings: when speaking aloud or reading aloud while alone in a room and sure that nobody can hear them, 1. around 65% of people who stutter speak fluently 2. around 25% stutter significantly less 3. around 10% continue to stutter >"*Stuttering is evidenced by a group of more nuanced elements: low levels of intoning (aka monotoning), poor mimicking, lack of expressiveness, and low levels of non-verbal communication. Regular fluent speakers typically speak with a great deal of emotion, whereas the speech of people who stutter is typically more monotonous, conveying only information, rather than emotions or attitude.*" According to this new [research](https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2021/october/study-finds-that-adults-who-stutter-don-t-stutter-when-they-re-a.html) (by Jackson & Yaruss), in which participants were made to think no one was listening to them, "*the perception of being heard by a listener*" leads to (more) fluency. The “talk-alone-effect”—phenomenon is investigated in this research study and findings show that people who stutter **require** a **believe** that they are truly alone - to increase fluency. Conclusion: So, I think that this provides evidence that being alone by itself doesn't increase fluency, rather, we are "wired" to require a belief \[self-convincing\]. If self-convincing fails, PWS can perceive this experience as a sensation of loss of control (of the speech mechanism) (which we likely have a lack of tolerance for \~ Yaruss) leading to Basal Ganglia dysfunction (speech motor plans are being inhibited). To translate this into a model: *failing to convince ---> neurological dysfunction (left) or overactivation (right side)*. This is just my take on it. Could you offer your own insights?