Thank you so much for taking the time to respond. I will go to the references that you cited. This entire situation is puzzling. I'm a 77f who has battled this condition since the age of 4. When reading many posts it's evident that many people disregard the physiological aspect of stuttering. Although I give credence to the physiological aspects of stuttering perhaps I’ve disregarded the impact of psychological aspects. Your comments describe the potentiation of the brain’s structure being influenced by psychological trauma as in a feedback loop. Would you consider DM contact? My respect for your knowledge has led me to consider you my go-to source for credible information and I would appreciate a more confidential manner of communication. My deepest regards and appreciation. Sue