To make this subject more interesting, I will compare stuttering with playing the piano. To play the piano well, humans need to develop a well-balanced threshold (or defence) mechanism. Of course, in my childhood when I learned playing the piano, its defense mechanism wasn't associated with real fear, deep shame etc. Rather, it was more associated with: (1) A rewarding/punishment mechanism or (2) a threat detection mechanism (that detects if I press the correct key/note on the piano). Let's call these two mechanisms the 'underlying software' that contains many rules for regulating motor execution for playing the piano. **Stuttering:** It makes sense that a subset of stutterers - stutter the same in all situations equally (this is basically my type of stuttering). Emotions (like fear) did not affect my stuttering or defence mechanism. If this is true, then it could imply that a subset of stutterers rely on a sort of defence mechanism (that regulates execution of speech motor plans and prevents thoughts from being spoken out loud) - similar to that of a defence mechanism of playing the piano (where it's not really associated with strong fear or deep shame and whatnot). If this is true. Then the important question we should ask ourselves, is.. What if in actuality, many stutterers rely on this type of defence mechanism that result in stuttering, rather than the emotional kind.. but they don't realize this and keep on blaming emotional factors? Wouldn't this kind of denial excecerbate this defence mechanism, and leading us to go further away from subconscious fluency and stuttering remission? Your thoughts?