>Look up the Demand vs Capabilities model in stuttering I agree, if we demand (or require) fluency, then we see stuttering as a problem and to be avoided. So, if we then anticipate negative listeners responses or anticipate stuttering, then we try to avoid it by doing unhelpful corrections: essentially, Non Fluent Speakers (NFS) focus on maintaining the forward flow by deciding/instructing to send command signals to move speech muscles, even if NFS anticipate negative listeners responses. Whereas people who stutter who are about to decide/instruct, are momentarily interrupted by focusing and reinforcing overreliance on unhelpful feedback processes, negative experiences or anticipatory anxiety, intrusive thoughts and feelings. I call this process the freeze response which gives us the impression that we chose to move speech mucles, when in reality we did not and instead we canceled the speech plan and focused on this feedback of fear and doubt.