>*"If we have a stutter but don’t feel social anxiety or pressure, then it must be MORE neurological, right? "* Questoin: If we stutter, but we don't feel social anxiety or pressure. **Does this mean it's more neurological or can it still be equally psychosocial?** In My opinion: I think that it can still be equally psychosocial. Because conditioning is a process that's mostly subconscious (we are simply unaware of the triggers in such a situation, likely due to a lack of mindfulness due to the conditioning process). >*"But can’t we stop things that have gone into the subconscious? "* Yes, in my opinion we can effectively address the conditioned stimuli long-term to make progress towards stuttering remission. Like: * making the subconscious stimuli/process more conscious (e.g., mindfulness, acceptance of our subconscious stutter mechanism etc) * addressing the unconditioned stimulus 'fear of social rejection' and its value judgements - that we link the overregulation of speech execution (i.e, the maladaptive fine-tuning of speech execution). For example: [cognitive restructuring](https://www.google.com/search?q=cognitive+restructuring), CBT, addressing [cognitive fusion](https://www.google.com/search?q=cognitive+fusion), & [cognitive dissonance](https://www.google.com/search?q=cognitive+dissonance) * Cognitive restructuring/CBT to address maladaptive value judgements linked to the maladaptive finetuning of speech execution * Mindfulness: understanding what automatic processes truly implies (e.g., automatic processes/control ≠ speaking on auto-pilot because on auto-pilot we give our control back to the habitual conditioned response - making it more subconscious out of our control where cognitive fusion and the approach-avoidance conflict reigns free)