I do give pep talks because this very debilitating condition requires someone to offer hope. Nothing has significantly changed in SLP for many years. It's inevitable that new SLP techniques will emerge There's still the debate about whether stuttering is physiological(neurological) or psychological. It's probably both. Every stutterer stutters in his individual way. Probably stress and habit have their place. Traumatic events are implicated in triggering. Stuttering. Genetics are evident as numerous members of family groups stutter. But new research even suggests medication can treat stuttering. Two references are: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32292321/#:~:text=Abstract,the%20severity%20of%20stuttering%20symptoms. and https://www.frontiersin.org/register/step-1?returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%2Farticles%2F10.3389%2Ffnins.2020.00158%2Ffull The researcher is : Gerald Maguire, MD He has youtube videos and you can Google him, too. We should be hopeful. One hundred years ago there was no human flight. Within 69 years we landed men on the moon. It's not far-fetched that there will be new, better ways to treat stuttering. In the meantime, we should not overlook any existing therapies and explore any strategy that has helped others. This is a pep talk, but there is reason to believe there will be new roads to fluency. Keep trying, Sue