Woaw great observation! Thank you! Could this imply that the belief of being observed is a trigger to inhibit execution of speech movements - for (almost) all people who stutter (PWS)? What do researchers suggest in addressing this "*belief of being observed*"? Below I copy paste from the same paper: "This was meant to deceive participants into thinking that they were not being observed because apparently the examiner would not know when they finished the task. If participants asked about the two-way mirror in the testing room, they were told that it was part of the ventilation system. These methodological details suggest that, in addition to leaving participants *physically* alone, experimenters were attempting to reduce any suspicion that they were monitoring or analyzing participants’ speech during the talk-alone conditions. Even the potential to be heard introduces a possible listener or audience, **and this, in turn may increase concern about listener approval or social evaluation, communicative intent, propositionality or meaning, or time pressure**, all of which increase the frequency of overt stuttering events"