I disagree with the first sentence. Generalising that it is almost 100% induced by fear of being judged negatively is unfair in my opinion. My speech pattern does not change when I am alone or not, I stutter when reading aloud to myself, and I stutter when reading in front of others. In my experience, other peoples reactions to my tics and stammer triggers the feeling of anxiety. Just a “flight or fight” response (for lack of a better word) from bullying and mocking as a child. My stutter developed before I turned 5, I believe this would falsify the idea that it is anxiety induced… (not sure what 5 year old me would be anxious of).Just my opinions - let me know your thoughts.